English
Grammar
Parts of Speech
Words are divided into different classes
(parts of speech) according to the work they do in a sentence. In other words,
the parts of speech explain how a word is used in a sentence. The parts of
speech are eight in number:
Nouns,
Pronouns,
Adjectives,
Verbs,
Adverbs,
Prepositions,
Conjunctions
and
Interjections.
Most
parts of speech can be divided into sub-classes. Nouns can be divided into
proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns etc. Prepositions can be divided
into prepositions of time, prepositions of place etc.
Noun - (Naming word)
A
noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. In simple words
‘Noun’ is a name of anything. In a sentence, nouns can play the role of
subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object complement,
appositive, or adjective.
Examples:
Sanjoy,
India, table, dog, teacher, pen, city, happiness, hope
Example
sentences:
Sam
lives in Sydney.
Mary
uses pen and paper to write letters.
Pronoun - (Replaces a Noun)
A
pronoun is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
Examples:
I,
you, we, they, he, she, it, me, us, them, him, her, this, those
Example
sentences:
Sonu
is in the kitchen. She is preparing dinner. I want her to make
coffee for me.
Adjective - (Describing word)
An
adjective describes, modifies or gives more information about a noun or
pronoun.
Examples:
big,
happy, green, young, fun, crazy, three
Example
sentences:
He
is a brave boy.
There
are twenty boys in this class.
The little
girl had a pink hat.
They
live in a beautiful house.
Lisa
is wearing a sleeveless shirt today.
He
writes meaningless letters.
Ben
is an adorable baby.
Verb - (Action Word)
A
verb is a word or a combination of words that indicates action or a state of
being or condition. A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us what the
subject performs.
Examples:
go,
speak, run, eat, play, live, walk, have, like, are, is
Example
sentences:
I like
Woodward English.
I study
their charts and play their games.
Anil
is throwing the ball.
She accepted
the job offer.
He thought
about his stupid mistake in the test.
John
visited his friend for a while and then went home.
The
dog ran across the yard.
She left
in a hurry.
Adverb - (Describes a verb)
An
adverb describes/modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. It tells how,
where, when, how often or to what extent. Many adverbs end in -ly
Examples:
slowly,
quietly, very, always, never, too, well, tomorrow, here
Example
sentences:
I am
usually busy.
Yesterday, I
ate my lunch quickly.
She
arrived early for the meeting.
I
make cookies first.
I do
laundry last.
The
nightingale sang sweetly.
The
solider marched smartly.
Preposition - (Shows relationship)
A
preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word. They
can indicate time, place, or relationship.
Examples:
at,
on, in, from, with, near, between, about, under, into, over, etc.
Example
sentences:
I
left my keys on the table for you.
He
sat on the chair.
There
is some milk in the fridge.
She
was hiding under the table.
The
cat jumped off the counter.
He
drove over the bridge.
She
lost her ring at the beach.
The
book belongs to Anthony.
They
were sitting by the tree.
Conjunction - (Joining word)
Conjunctions
are used to join clauses, phrases, and words together for constructing
sentences. Conjunctions make a link between/among words or groups of words to
other parts of the sentence and show a relationship between/among them.
Examples:
and,
or, but, because, so, yet, unless, since, if.
Example
sentences:
I
was hot and exhausted but I still finished the marathon.
I play
cricket, and Robin plays football.
When he
was sick, I went to see him.
We
went to the stadium and enjoyed the cricket match.
Do
you want an ice cream or chocolate?
Neither Ram
nor Shyam can play baseball.
He
ate not only the ice cream but also the chocolate.
Interjection - (Expressive word)
An
interjection is a word or phrase that expresses something in a sudden or
exclamatory way, especially an emotion. It is a short exclamation.
Examples:
Ouch! Wow! Great! Help! Oh! Hey! Hi!
Example
sentences:
Wow! I
passed my English test.
Hurrah! We
won the game!
Alas! I
failed the exam!
Wow!
What a beautiful car!
Oh! I
forgot to bring my purse!
Ouch! It
hurts!
Eww! It
tastes so bad!
Huh! I
don't care!
Ouch! That hurt.
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